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A major scientific accomplishment of the twentieth
century has been the great advancements in understanding cognition
— that is, the mental processes of thinking, perceiving, and
remembering. For example, cognitive research has shown that learning
is most effective when four fundamental characteristics are present:
(1) active engagement,
(2) participation in groups,
(3) frequent interaction and feedback, and
(4) connections to realworld contexts.
Interestingly, some of the pioneers in learning research also have
been pioneers in exploring how technologies can improve learning.
These connections are not coincidental. As scientists have understood
more about the fundamental characteristics of learning, they have
realized that the structure and resources of traditional classrooms
often provide quite poor support for learning, whereas technology—when
used effectively —can enable ways of teaching that are much
better matched to how children learn. The following discussion describes
specific computer-based technologies that have been shown to support
each of the four fundamental characteristics of learning.
Learning Through
Active Engagement
Learning Through
Participation in Groups
Learning Through
Frequent Interaction and Feedback
Learning
Through Connections to Real-World Contexts
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