Problem
There are 2 pirates and 4 treasure chests on an island. The pirates have 1 small boat to take the treasure to their ship. The boat can take 2 pirates or 1 pirate and 1 chest of treasure.

How many trips do the pirates have to take to get all the treasure and both pirates onto the ship?

Note: The ship needs 2 pirates to sail it. Don't worry about one pirate sailing off with all the treasure!

What is this problem about?
This problem is a good one for developing a strategy that works a number of times. The children can find the strategy by using equipment and using logic.

Problems like this are good for developing strategies and as an introduction to algebra where the notation gives a neat way of expressing the repetition of a strategy.

Achievement Objectives
Algebra (level 2)
- continue a sequential and repeating pattern and describe the rule for this
Mathematical Processes
- devise and use problem solving strategies to explore situations mathematically

Resources
- Paper and pencil
- 2 orange rods (pirates) and 4 yellow rods (treasure chests)
- Copymaster of the problem (English)

Specific Learning Outcomes
The children will be able to:
- use equipment to work out a problem
- make and describe a repeating pattern to solve a problem

Teaching Sequence

1. Introduce the problem by reading a poem about pirates
2. Pose the problem to the class.
3. Ask the children to describe the problem in their own words to make sure that they understand what is required.
4. Using 2 children act out a trip to the ship with the treasure. Discuss the ways that you could keep track of the trips taken (draw, list)
5. Let the children continue the problem in pairs.
6. As the children work ask questions that focus their thinking on the steps they are taking.
   How many trips have you taken?
   How did you work out who to put in the boat?
   Can you see any patterns in what you are doing? Describe them.
   How are you keeping a record of the strips?
   Do you think that you can use a smaller number of trips?
7. Share the written solutions to the problem.

Extension
What if there are 8 treasure chests?

Other Contexts for the Problem
Fairytales: 3 Bears and 5 bowls of porridge (Baby Bear taking bowls of porridge to the dining room table);

3 Pigs and 10 bricks (Porky Pig moving bricks).

These problems also extend the pirate problem in that they require the same strategy but deal with larger numbers. You can develop the problem into one with any number of people (or animals) and any number of objects to be transported.

Solution
There are 9 trips from island to ship.

1. 2 pirates go to ship
2. 1 pirate returns for treasure
3. Pirate takes 1 treasure chest to ship
4. Returns to island
5. Takes 2nd treasure chest to ship
6. Returns to island
7. Takes 3rd treasure chest to ship
8. Returns to island
9. Takes last treasure chest to ship

Note that steps 1 and 2 can occur at any time that the small boat is on the land or steps 3 to 9 can be followed by ‘returns to land, 2 pirates go to ship’.

Extension: each treasure chest requires two trips, one to the ship and one back to the land. So with 8 chests the pirates will need 8 x 2 trips with the chests and 1 trip to take the extra pirate. This means 17 trips.