When you cite references, you write a list of the information sources that you have used. This is called a bibliography. These are the main reasons for compiling a bibliography :

• to credit the source of your information
• to ensure that the information can be traced by another reader
• to give credibility to your work, that your work is based on other reliable work.

At the end of a document, under the heading, Bibliography, list the sources that have been of help to you in developing your own ideas. 

There are many ways of writing a bibliography. We suggest that  you use the following format, depending on the type of resource that you have used.

e.g. HULE, Jerome. Africa's Population to reach 1.18 billion in 2015,[Online]

6 Feb.1998, Internet, http://www.saep.org/subject/population/populat1.htm1

ONLINE IMAGES

\\e.g. US Space Shuttle Atlantis : STS-106 [Online Image]

http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/assembly/flights/2000, 20 September 2000

E-MAIL

e.g. COMMONS, T. Effects of El Nino on South Africa. [Online] email :

e.g. African Music, Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 2000, CD ROM, Microsoft, 2000

e.g. Dolphins in Japanese Seas, Carte Blanche, M-Net, 15 October 2000

VIDEOS

e.g. Walking with Dinosaurs : New Blood. A Time of Titans. Part 1.

BBC Discovery, 1999

Commons.T@pmel.noaa.gov, 9 March 1999

ENCYCLOPEDIAS

List these first, in alphabetical order, according to the title of the Encyclopaedia.

e.g. WORLD BOOK, Vol 18, 1992, p.169

BOOKS WITH ONE AUTHOR

e.g. FERRIS, Julie. Shakespeare's London, Kingfisher, 2000, p.19-20

BOOKS WITH NUMEROUS AUTHORS

e.g. GRIBBIN, Mary et al. What's the Big Idea ? Chaos and Uncertainty,

Hodder Children's Books, 1999, p 95

ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS OR MAGAZINES

e.g. DLAMINI, Jacob. Taste of Success, Leadership, August 2000, p.26-29

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

e.g. BAILEY, Dennis. Stop Lying About Aids, Sunday Tribune, 24 Sept. 2000, p.2

(C) used with permission of Penny Purchase, Media Specialist, Michaelhouse